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Parameters for torsion springs
 Physical parameters
- d (wire diameter): This parameter describes the diameter of wire used as material for spring.
- Dd (Shaft): This parameter describes maximal diameter of spring shaft in industrial applications.Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Di (internal diameter): Internal diameter of a spring. It can be calculated by subtracting the wire diameter multiplied by 2 from the external diameter of a spring. Internal diameter in torsion springs decreases while the spring is working even up to shaft diameter. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- De (external diameter): External diameter of a spring. It can be calculated by adding the wire diameter multiplied by 2 to the internal diameter of a spring. External diameter in torsion springs decrease while the spring is working. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2% with tolerance (+-) 0.1 mm
- L0 (Free Length): WARNING: Free Length decrease while spring is working. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Ls (Leg Length): It is the distance from the center axis of the coil body to the end of the torsion springs' leg. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- An (Maximum angle): Maximum acceptable rotation angle for the spring in degrees. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15 degrees (indicative).
- Fn (Maximum force): Maximum acceptable force that can operate at the end of torsion springs' leg. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- Mn (Maximum torque): Maximum acceptable torque (Newton * mm). Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- R (Spring rate): This parameter determines spring's resistance, while it is working. It is measured in Newton * mm / degree. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- A1 & F1 & M1: (angle at torque or force) The following equation calculates the angle as a function of the torque: A1 = M1/R. In order to calculate the torque from the force, we use this equation: M = F*Ls
- Leg position There are 4 types of torsion springs' leg positions: 0, 90 ,180 or 270 degrees (see picture above).
- Helix direction: A right-hand-wound spring loads in a counter-clockwise direction. A left-hand-wound spring loads in a clockwise direction. Both types are available in all sizes.
Tolerances
- Leg position: (+-)15 degrees
- Leg Length: (+-)3 %
Wire Types: :
- music wire: a high carbon steel for high stress applications
- harddrawn MB: a carbon steel for low stresses and low cost
- oil tempered wire: a carbon steel for wire forms and torsion springs
- stainless steel: types 302 and 316 for high stresses in larger wire sizes
- chrome vanadium: an alloy wire for high stresses in larger wire sizes
- phosphor bronze: for electrical applications
- brass: for applications requiring water resistance
- others: available on as needed basis
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