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Description of parameters for extension springs with english hooks
 Physical parameters
- d (wire diameter): This parameter describes the diameter of wire used as material for spring.
- De (external diameter): External diameter of a spring concerns both hooks and coils. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- H (Hole): This is minimum diameter of hole in which spring can work. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Ln (Maximum length): Maximum acceptable extension length for a spring. It is also the maximum extension for static applications. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- Fn (Maximal force): Maximal acceptable force which can operate on a spring. It is also the maximum force for static applications. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- L0 (free length): Free length is measured in spring's free state. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Nr of coils: This is a total number of coils in a spring - in the picture above it is equal to six.
- R (Spring rate): This parameter determines spring's resistance, while it is working. It is measured in 1 DaN/mm = 10 N/mm. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- L1 & F1 (length under charge F): The charge F1 at length L1 can be calculated using the equation : F1 = Fn - R(Ln-L1). Equation derived from the previous for calculating L1 = Ln - (Fn-F1)/R.
- Hooks: Extension springs with English hooks have both hooks closed forming a ring. Both hooks lie in the same plane.
Tolerances
- maximal force: Tolerance for the maximal force is (+-)15%(indicative).
- maximal length: Tolerance for the maximal length is (+-)15%(indicative).
- Spring rate: Tolerance for the spring rate is (+-)15%(indicative).
Description of parameters for extension springs with german hooks
Physical parameters
- d (wire diameter): This parameter describes the diameter of wire used as material for spring.
- De (external diameter): External diameter of a spring concerns both hooks and coils. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- H (Hole): This is minimum diameter of hole in which spring can work. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Ln (Maximum length): Maximum acceptable extension length for a spring. It is also the maximum extension for static applications. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- Fn (Maximal force): Maximal acceptable force which can operate on a spring. It is also the maximum force for static applications. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- L0 (free length): Free length is measured in spring's free state. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)2%(indicative).
- Nr of coils: This is a total number of coils in a spring - in the picture above it is equal to six.
- R (Spring rate): This parameter determines spring's resistance, while it is working. It is measured in 1 DaN/mm = 10 N/mm. Tolerance for this parameter is (+-)15%(indicative).
- L1 & F1 (length under charge F): The charge F1 at length L1 can be calculated using the equation : F1 = Fn - R(Ln-L1). Equation derived from the previous for calculating L1 = Ln - (Fn-F1)/R.
- Hooks: Extension springs with german hooks are produced in two versions: with hook positions of 0 degrees and 90 degrees as shown in the picture above.
Tolerances
- maximal force: Tolerance for the maximal force is (+-)15%(indicative).
- maximal length: Tolerance for the maximal length is (+-)15%(indicative).
- Spring rate: Tolerance for the spring rate is (+-)15%(indicative).
Wire Types: :
- music wire: a high carbon steel for high stress applications
- harddrawn MB: a carbon steel for low stresses and low cost
- oil tempered wire: a carbon steel for wire forms and torsion springs
- stainless steel: types 302 and 316 for high stresses in larger wire sizes
- chrome vanadium: an alloy wire for high stresses in larger wire sizes
- phosphor bronze: for electrical applications
- brass: for applications requiring water resistance
- others: available on as needed basis
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